The ESOP Law Blog provides a detailed description of the Rangel Proposal in Congress Proposes New Restrictions on S Corporation ESOPs:

"H.R. 3970 introduced by Hon. Charles Rangel on October 25, 2007, includes a Section 3701 that would add Section 409B to the Internal Revenue Code. The new provision would create an additional income tax on the holder of synthetic equity (as defined in Section 409(p)). The new rule would provide that when the holder "exercises" the synthetic equity, in addition to any taxable gain he may recognize from the exercise of the instrument, he must also recognize a new taxable amount. That amount is calculated by determining the amount of S corporation income the holder would have recognized each year, had he held actual stock instead of synthetic equity. In addition, once that amount of additional tax liability is calculated, Section 409B imposes an interest charge on the amount at the underpayment interest rates.

Under the proposed rule, it appears that the effective federal tax rates on employee stock options could exceed 100% and the rate on employee stock appreciation rights could exceed 70%. For warrant holders, the effective federal tax rate could exceed 80%. These effective federal rates do not include state income tax."

The post also contains three examples:

• Executive Compensation - Stock Options
  
• Executive Compensation - Stock Appreciation Rights
  
• Mezzanine Lender with Warrants